El hecho de que vivamos en un mundo plural e interconectado hace necesario que los problemas comunes, como la crisis ambiental, se resuelvan en común. Una de las mejores maneras de lograr esto es a través del diálogo, cuanto más extenso, mejor. La pluralidad, que tiene muchas virtudes, también puede llevar a dificultades al definir las condiciones de posibilidad de dicho diálogo. El presente trabajo desea analizar si la Iglesia Católica, a través de la encíclica «Laudato Si» del Papa Francisco, (...) podría ser un interlocutor válido en la crisis ambiental, específicamente en el contexto de la modernidad. ¿Puede un texto escrito por la máxima autoridad del catolicismo ser de interés para otros, aparte de los creyentes de esta religión y los eruditos que estudian los fenómenos religiosos? ¿Las críticas de LS a la tecnociencia implican un rechazo de la modernidad, dado que la tecnociencia es una parte inequívoca de la racionalidad moderna? (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es la interpretación de del más importante aspecto de la filosofía de Ibn Bayya a base de la lectura de su Kitab al nafs, primer comentario del De anima de Aristóteles en Occidente. Este estudio sobre el alma es, para Avempace, constituye la principal ciencia porque sin el análisis de la propia alma es imposible conocer el resto de las ciencias y del mundo. Este autor, en todas sus obras encentra el ideal del filósofo y (...) del hombre sabio, sobre todo, en la progresiva desmaterialización de toda su vida. Este objetivo se obtiene mediante el transcendeer de tres formas de vida, concretamente, las formas materiales, el primer nivel espiritual y, por fin, el segundo nivel espiritual. La culminación de este itinerario es alcanzar el segundo nivel espiritual, concretamente, la unión con el Intelecto Agente mediante un misticismo espiritual o «amor Dei intellectualis». Los materiales básicos de esta filosofía están conteniddos en este comentario al aristotélico al De anima. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – El fin del hombre. Las facultades humanas. Las formas humanas. Iq desmaterialización humana. Misticismo inelectual. (shrink)

The purpose of this work is the interpretation of the most important aspect of Ibn Bayya (Avempace)'s philosophy, reading his Kitab al-nafs, the first commentary of the aristotelian work in Occident, De anima. This study of the houl is, for Avempace, the principal science because without his analysis of the one´s soul it is imposible know the rest of sciences and the world. This author, in all his works finds the ideal of the philosopher and of the wise man, above (...) all, in the progressive dematerialization, of his total life. This objective is obtained through the transcending of the three kinds of forms, namely: materials formas first spiritual level and finally, the second spiritual level. The culmination of this itinerary is to reach the second spiritual level, to be exact, the union with the Agent Intellect by means of an intellectualist mysticism or «amor Dei intellectualis». The basic materials of this philosophy are contained in this aristoteleian commentaary about the soul. KEY WORDS – The human end. Human faculties. Human forms. Human dematerialization. Itellectual mysticism. (shrink)

Los jóvenes están alarmados por la insostenibilidad, pero se desvinculan de actitudes pro-sostenibles al considerar que los actos individuales no tienen efecto. Por ello, se presenta la metodología para la creación, desarrollo y evaluación de una iniciativa liderada por jóvenes estudiantes voluntarios en pos de la sostenibilidad, basada en crear espacios de reflexión, debate, autocrítica y motivación. Los resultados muestran un impacto real en el comportamiento individual de los estudiantes, un 82% está motivado a hacer un cambio y un 65% (...) está realizando cambios en sus hábitos. Además, surgieron iniciativas y colaboraciones entre asistentes y ponentes buscando transformar la sociedad. (shrink)

In ‘Currying omnipotence: A reply to Beall and Cotnoir’, Andrew Tedder and Guillermo Badia argue that Jc Beall and A. J. Cotnoir’s gappy solution to the traditional paradox of unrestricted omnipotence does not extend to a Curry-like version of the paradox. In this paper, we show that it does extend to it.

Automated legal reasoning and its application in smart contracts and automated decisions are increasingly attracting interest. In this context, ethical and legal concerns make it necessary for automated reasoners to justify in human-understandable terms the advice given. Logic Programming, specially Answer Set Programming, has a rich semantics and has been used to very concisely express complex knowledge. However, modelling discretionality to act and other vague concepts such as ambiguity cannot be expressed in top-down execution models based on Prolog, and in (...) bottom-up execution models based on ASP the justifications are incomplete and/or not scalable. We propose to use s(CASP), a top-down execution model for predicate ASP, to model vague concepts following a set of patterns. We have implemented a framework, called s(LAW), to model, reason, and justify the applicable legislation and validate it by translating (and benchmarking) a representative use case, the criteria for the admission of students in the “Comunidad de Madrid”. (shrink)

In the wake of corporate ethical scandals that have harmed millions of employees and investors, there has been an increase in the number of works written in the last decade, which aim to answer one apparently simple question: what causes unethical behavior, and what can we do, if anything, to prevent similar transgressions in the future? The extensive research around this question is the best proof of its real complexity as the challenge of disentangling the background of ethical behavior has (...) obvious academic and practical interest. This study aims to take a further step toward that goal. Much research has noted the impact of multiple aspects of organizational contexts on individuals’ ethical behavior. However, studies that analyze the impact of organizational learning capability (OLC) on employees’ ethical behavior are few and far between. This was the first aim of this study. The second centered on gaining a deeper understanding of the relationship between OLC and ethical behavior by analyzing the mediating role of employability and organizational commitment. We tested our hypotheses through a structural equation methodology applied to a sample of 641 workers from 166 Spanish consultancy firms and found a positive, direct relationship between OLC and employability, OLC and organizational commitment, employability and organizational commitment, and organizational commitment and ethical behavior. (shrink)

En las investigaciones sobre fisiología cardiovascular desarrolladas por William Harvey es posible distinguir entre dos teorías que responden a preguntas diferentes. La primera de ellas, que denominamos teoría del movimiento circular de la sangre, intenta dar una respuesta al problema sobre la cantidad de sangre que se mueve dentro del sistema. La segunda pretende dar cuenta de las causas de que la sangre se mueva y la denominamos teoría de las causas del movimiento de la sangre. En este trabajo, presentamos (...) una reconstrucción estructuralista de la primera de éstas, y mostramos que posee todos los componentes considerados esenciales para cualquier teoría, de acuerdo con la concepción estructuralista de la ciencia. (shrink)

El problema de la adopción (Padró, 2015), según el cual es imposible adoptar una lógica, sugiere la idea de que la práctica de inferir es conceptualmente prioritaria a la lógica entendida como teoría. Este problema representa un desafío para la concepción antiexcepcionalista de la lógica, que entiende a los principios lógicos como meras hipótesis o como creencias sujetas a revisión. Desde nuestra perspectiva, el principal problema de esta concepción ha sido dejar abierta la pregunta sobre la naturaleza de la práctica (...) de inferir. Sin embargo, nos parece completamente posible responder esta pregunta dentro del marco teórico antiexcepcionalista. En este trabajo desarrollamos una concepción naturalista de la práctica de inferir que viene a llenar el vacío dejado por el antiexcepcionalismo tradicional; y a su vez responde al desafío lanzado por el problema de la adopción. (shrink)

Heidegger reivindicó la primacía del lenguaje poético sobre el lenguaje racional de la metafísica tradicional, pero rechazó el uso de la metáfora en él. Su discípulo Grassi atribuye a la metáfora, en cambio, una fundamental importancia filosófica, no sólo por su función en el arte, la técnica y la vida humana en general, sino también porque todo cuanto se manifiesta a través de los sentidos se carga inevitablemente de significados pasionales ajenos en sí mismos a las representaciones sensoriales, de modo (...) que todo lenguaje que expresa una realidad es en su esenciametafórico.PALABRAS CLAVE: Grassi, Heidegger, metáfora, lenguaje poético. Heidegger defended the primacy of poetic language over the racional language of traditional metaphysics, though rejecting the use of metaphor in such language. His disciple Grassi, however, attaches the greatest philosophical importance to metaphor, not only for the role it plays in art, technology, and human life in general, but also because everything that becomes manifest through the senses –where knowledge begins– inevitably becomes charged with passionate meanings in themselves alien to sensory representations; thus any language that expresses a reality is in essence metaphorical.KEYWORDS: Grassi, Heidegger, metaphor, poetic language. (shrink)

Reseña del libro Cristià, M. (2021): AIDA. Una historia de solidaridad artística transnacional (1979-1985). Buenos Aires: Imago Mundi.

This paper reports the policy-responses of different Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) to the novel coronavirus, COVD-19 pandemic. It compares these responses with those made by HEIs in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Publicly available data and news reports were used to gauge the general public’s reaction to these policies and how the Philippines’ responses fare with its Southeast Asian neighbors. The paper observes that despite the innovations made by Philippine HEIs in terms of alternative learning modes and technologies for delivering (...) education, there are still gaps and challenges in their responses. It recommends that policy-responses and learning innovations should be grounded on a deeper understanding of distance education and should be sensitive to the call of the times. (shrink)

One of the most influential ideas in recent discussions in political philosophy and philosophy of values has been Isaiah Berlin's value pluralism. Given that different ways of living embody different applications of values, it is really difficult to talk about objectivity in the domain of morals. But if we reject the existence of criteria that allow us to judge among different moral proposals, we are led to recognize the prejudiced character of our convictions: their ethnocentric character. In my opinion, this (...) weakens our commitment to those convictions, to the extent that we are not obliged to follow them. At the same time, if that incommensurability is at the root of any interpretation of values, we cannot choose between different ways of understanding pluralism and we cannot evaluate the pluralistic model itself. Saying that some sort of pluralism is good for us if, for us, some sort of pluralism is good, is only proposing an empty tautology. In the end I will argue that we can accept the existence of a sort of moral equilibrium that can allow us to talk of moral progress. (shrink)

Millán-Puelles justifies classic realism on the basis of the human person's dignity, analyzing subjectivity as one of conscience and volition. The author suggests that Millán-Puelles recognize in the relational openness, equally constitutive of the person, the formal reason of the subsistence of its inmanent perfection.

Little research has focused on the ethical issues around using social media for HIV prevention in low- and middle-income countries, such as Peru. This study surveyed participants from the HOPE social media HIV intervention in Peru to assess their experiences and perceptions of ethical issues in the study and the impact of age on their experiences and perceptions. This study found that, compared to younger participants, older participants were more likely to express higher levels of understanding of the consent form (...) and trust that other participants were real. Older participants also reported being less likely to benefit from learning about their HIV status. Findings suggest that age plays a role in participants’ experiences in a social-media-based HIV intervention. (shrink)

The knowledge extraction from data with noise or outliers is a complex problem in the data mining area. Normally, it is not easy to eliminate those problematic instances. To obtain information from this type of data, robust classifiers are the best option to use. One of them is the application of bagging scheme on weak single classifiers. The Credal C4.5 model is a new classification tree procedure based on the classical C4.5 algorithm and imprecise probabilities. It represents a type of (...) the so-calledcredal trees. It has been proven that CC4.5 is more robust to noise than C4.5 method and even than other previous credal tree models. In this paper, the performance of the CC4.5 model in bagging schemes on noisy domains is shown. An experimental study on data sets with added noise is carried out in order to compare results where bagging schemes are applied on credal trees and C4.5 procedure. As a benchmark point, the known Random Forest classification method is also used. It will be shown that the bagging ensemble using pruned credal trees outperforms the successful bagging C4.5 and RF when data sets with medium-to-high noise level are classified. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone analizar las diferencias entre clases sociales en el uso de mecanismos de acceso al empleo en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires según distintos entornos residenciales, haciendo foco en la clase obrera. Se comparará entre la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y el primer cordón del conurbano bonaerense y el segundo y tercer cordón. Se distinguirá entre mecanismos de acceso al empleo basados en la movilización de lazos sociales, fuertes o débiles, ligados a distintas instituciones y (...) ámbitos de socialización, como la familia, el barrio, la escuela, la universidad, el trabajo, etc., y el acceso al empleo sin el uso de lazos sociales. Se analizaron también las pautas del uso de lazos en la clase obrera desde una perspectiva intrageneracional (ocupaciones anteriores) y el vínculo entre el uso de lazos y el acceso a una ocupación formal o informal. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con datos provenientes de la encuesta del PI-Clases “Reproducción y movilidad social en trayectorias familiares y cursos de vida” (2015-2016), cuya muestra es probabilística y su unidad de análisis son personas de ambos sexos de entre 25 y 65 años del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Los principales hallazgos son las diferencias en el uso de lazos sociales según el entorno residencial y la importancia del uso de los lazos barriales para la clase obrera no calificada. A su vez, el uso de lazos sociales (y principalmente los barriales) está asociado al acceso a trabajos informales. (shrink)

The modern philosophy of science has not succeeded in defining conclusively what the scientific method consists in. On the contrary, scientific practice seems to consist in a methodological pluralism, a definition that connects with essential fragments of John Dewey's Logic, the Theory of Inquiry. For Dewey, even the forms of logic emerge from the problems defined in indeterminate situations. A historical example was the introduction of the notion of complementarity in physics, which allowed the interpretation of two confusingly paradoxical experiments (...) in a coherent way. Dewey's thought demonstrates its relevance by helping us to define the pattern of inquiry. Methodological pluralism and the dependence of logic on research problems is not something that will happen, it is something that has happened and does happen in scientific practices. (shrink)

In “Why We Need Friendly AI”, Luke Muehlhauser and Nick Bostrom propose that for our species to survive the impending rise of superintelligent AIs, we need to ensure that they would be human-friendly. This discussion note offers a more natural but bleaker outlook: that in the end, if these AIs do arise, they won’t be that friendly.

Nietzsche wanted to affirm life in its totality without dispensing with either the joy of affirmation or the tragic energy of the most terrible that it implies. His thought and his life bore witness to this. However, a task of such magnitude requires the affinity of other spirits who are capable of traveling other paths than those of ascent. Bataille's immanent mysticism knows that in the sovereignty of excess the limitlessness of expenditure allows us to descend into the sacred spaces (...) of the curse. The present work wants to delve into such a physiological inner experience to see whether the Nietzschean affirmation can be consummated in this way. Como sabemos Nietzsche quiso afirmar la vida en su totalidad sin prescindir ni de la alegría misma de la afirmación, ni de la energía trágica de lo más terrible que ello implica. Sin embargo, una tarea de esa magnitud requiere la afinidad de otros espíritus que sean capaces de recorrer otras vías distintas a las del ascenso. El misticismo inmanente de Bataille sabe bien que en la soberanía del exceso la ilimitación del gasto nos permite descender a los espacios sagrados de la maldición. La afirmación nietzscheana parece querer consumarse de este modo. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 99 Heft: 1 Seiten: 130-148.